Migration Essay - 1750 Words

â€Å"Critically evaluate how social psychology relates to the ‘European Migration Crisis’ of the summer 2015 using the two news articles provided.† ‘’Migrants and refugees streaming into Europe from Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia have presented European leaders and policymakers with their greatest challenge since the debt crisis, ’’ Jeanne Parker, Deputy Director Council of Foreign Relations (September, 2015). It has been estimated by the IOM that within the first few months of this year, over 464,000 migrants have crossed into Europe, 150 per hour in Germany (Express), with the majority constituting Syrians escaping civil war. With the recent terrorist attacks on France and threats of ISIS across Europe and Western countries†¦show more content†¦Tajifel’s minimal group paradigm research has shown, that even on a small scale, once an individual identifies with a group their preference will lie there. The social categorization theory 1987 emphasizing the strong cognitive process by which one stereo-types negatively towards out-groups has been observed with the us versus them representation shown by critics of the migration, undoubtedly underpinning prejudicial attitude. Prejudice is fundamentally defined as the rejection or social exclusion of a minority group in society by the more dominant status group (essential social psyc). Unwelcoming sectors of communities in the migrant destinations may attribute biased impressions and emotion towards others in the out-group (migrants in this case) which has been demonstrated as driving factor in implicit prejudice formation: infra-humanization. Whereby, one sees the other group, as inferior and de-humanised. Thus allowing them to justify their discriminating behavior whilst alleviating any potential feelings of guilt. A progressive form of such behavior has already been shown with the Rwandan Genocide 1994 where loss of jobs and education al resources to Tutsi tribes created resentment and an on slaw of violence. With the summer migration crisis reports by the Express having highlighted the disruption to local rail passengers trying to get to work and incurring huge delays fromShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Migration Of International Migration1246 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature review Definition of Migration International migration may be defined as movement of people from one country to another in order to take up employment, or establish residence or to seek refuge from persecution (IOM, 1993). Recognized authors (Appleyard, 1991; Rodgers, 1992; Abrar et.al., 2000) have categorized international migration into 6 broad categories. These are permanent settlers, documented or regular labour migrants, undocumented or irregular migrants, asylum seekers, recognizedRead MoreMigration Of The U.s.1160 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Migration to the U.S. Millions of people have migrated from all over the world which results in problems and changes in families. This paper explores the immigrant experience in America, showing how immigrants dealt with hardships, adaptation, losing one s culture and adaptation to the loss of one s parent. When people migrate, they start adapting into a new personality and lose their culture. For instance, when leaving an area depending on the amount of time, you spend there youRead MoreThe Effects of Migration725 Words   |  3 PagesTahar Ben Jelloun, a Moroccan writer, states: â€Å"Migration is no longer a solution; it’s a defeat. People are risking death, drowning every day, but they’re knocking on doors that are not open.† Probably, the author is right because most of the migrants even do not know what awaits them in a new country. Before thinking about the effects of migration, people should draw a distinction between emigration and immigration. The immigration is beneficial, whereas the emigration is totally disadvantageousRead MoreIllegal Migration796 Words   |  4 Pagesillegal migration many theorist tend to only skim the surface by and assume the most important determining factor in leaving or staying is solely based on the economic aspects. This mac hine not only produces a numerous amount of illegal migration, it fosters it into a sophisticated labor control system that is manipulated by social, market (labor and economic market) and political factors. Although economic means is neither the only nor the most important determinant in illegal migration it wasRead MoreMigration Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesMigration Migration is one of the most important issues facing international politics today and is becoming more prevalent an issue every year. In 1980 the estimated number of refugees was 8.2m, 1990 - 15m, 1992 - 20m (Castles and Miller, 1993, p 84). In our society there are a lot of preconceptions and prejudices about immigration and its effect: they are stealing our jobs! They are all scroungersRead MoreMigration Of The European Union1669 Words   |  7 PagesMigration has been the force of change for many European countries throughout history. It has been and continues to be vital in the shaping of European countries’ economies, policies and it’s cultures. The author of this paper tackles the matters of migration, minorities and the issues of migration research that have occurred over time. Throughout the article the author poses arguments on the issues of migration research and possible solutions for more coherent research outcomes. Considering theRead MoreThe Positive Process of Migration1333 Words   |  5 PagesMigration is considered to be the tool which helps to provide the necessary structure of international labor markets. It enables to give a fast answer to quickly changing technological, economic or social transformations. For countries which face a problem of an aging population, migration becomes a resource which fills shortage of labor and provides an inflow of young workers. Migration is a global process too; there are essentially no regions and countries which havent been involved in migratoryRead MoreMigration of Turkic Tribes678 Words   |  3 PagesMigration is the movement of people from one place to another to settle and live in the new area. Nowadays, the number of moving people exceeds 200 million (World Migration Report 2010 - The Future of Migration: Building Capacities for Change. International Organization for Migration. 2010). In the ancient times the number of moving people was little, but the causes were approximately the same. Especially, migration of ancient Turks had a significant role in formulation of world civilizations. TheirRead MoreCauses And Factors Of The Migration Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent types of migration. â€Å"Economic migration† is when people are migrating to a country that has a higher percent rate of getting a job. â€Å"Social m igration† is when you are migrating to start a new life or to live closer to your family. â€Å"Political migration† is when people are moving to escape corrupted government or civil war. â€Å"Environmental migration† is when natural disasters destroy homes and people try to start a new life in a new country. When it comes to migration there are many factorsRead MoreBantu Migrations Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bantu migrations had a vast influence on the development of Africa. The Bantu peoples passed on many concepts to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa. Originating from Nigeria in the Niger River Valley, the Bantu migrated south and then spread to both the east and west. The Bantu laid the foundation for Sub-Saharan African societies. They spread agriculture, animal domestication, iron metallurgy, and cultural development throughout southern Africa. Various forms of government have developed as a result

A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen - 7379 Words

Ma. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The Subjection of Women†, that women were, â€Å"wholly under the role of men and each private being under the obligation of disobedience to the man with whom she has associated her destiny†. This issue of gender roles in the society propelled to the production of†¦show more content†¦It was first published in Copenhagen on December 4, 1879. According to Ibsen’s biographer, C. D. Merriman, A Doll House was based on the life of Laura Kieler. She is a good friend of Ibsen. Much of what happened between Nora and Torvald happened to Laura and her husband, Victor, with the exception of being forged the s ignature that was the basis of Nora’s loan. He turned this life situation into an aesthetically shaped successful drama. The author’s ingenuity and precise description of social problems have been adored by various critics; let me cite some of them: The critic Erik Bogh admired Ibsen’s originality and technical mastery: â€Å"not a single declamatory phrase, no high dramatics, no drop of blood, not even a tear† ( qtd. in Bradford). Georg Brandes, a contemporary critic, said of Ibsen that: â€Å" His progress from one work to the other is not due to a rich variety of themes and ideas, but on the contrary to perpetual scrutiny of the same general questions, regarded from different points of view† (qtd. in Bradford). Furthermore, the play stunned audiences for it criticizes the traditional roles of men and women in nineteenth-century society. To many nineteenth-century Europeans this was scandalous (Bradford). Although the play was stormed with iss ues, Ibsinite drama influenced other playwrights of his time including GeorgeShow MoreRelatedA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen901 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House showcases the harsh reality and truth of someone being something that they are not, and it shows the journey that Nora Helmer has to take to realize what she wants in life to find the real her. Throughout the play A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, we learn about the main character and her qualities. Nora Helmer is the wife of Torvald Helmer, who became very unhealthy. By trying to help her husband’s health, Nora begins going into debt and commits a criminal offense, forgery; she does allRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen1712 Words   |  7 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll House, Nora Helmer represents many feministic ideals of the late eighteen hundreds. The ending is often what the play as a whole is remembered by, due to its shocking nature. Nora, the female lead of the play decides to leave her home sudde nly, after a confrontation with her husband Torvald and never returns. Many saw this as a huge decision that was made abruptly, however what they fail to notice are the aspects that motivated Nora from the start of the play. At firstRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen901 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House The play A Doll House written by Henrik Ibsen has strong symbolisms such as the doll house, Christmas tree, macaroons, and New Year’s day that help outline the theme. The author uses symbolisms to pull his audience in and allow them to feel the full effect of inequality and emotional abuse men gave women in the year of 1879, when Ibsen wrote this play. The first symbolism in this play is the Christmas tree which represents Nora’s inner state of mind. In Act 2 the stage directions describeRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Essay1787 Words   |  8 Pagesthe importance of divine or supernatural matters. Humanism is often mistaken for feminism which is one of the major controversies of A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen. The idea of humanism becomes apparent through Nora’s interactions with Torvald, Torvald’s interactions with Nora, and Torvald’s interactions with other characters in the play. Many argue that A Doll House, is a feminist play due to its portrayal of the characters which emphasized many values of feminism, but in actuality the play addressesRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen850 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. There are two woman in the play, Nora and Mrs. Linde who have some differences, but also share some similarities. Nora is married to Torvald Helm er, they have three children together. Miss. Linde is a widow an took care of her younger siblings and her now deceased mother. Nora and Mrs. Linde are different in the way they have lived the past couple of years and how at the end of act three they are changing their lifestyles by either going from independentRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen1194 Words   |  5 Pagesas around the world, in the late 1870’s. Henrik Ibsen’s 1879 play, â€Å"A Doll House,† demonstrates how women wore a faà §ade in society when dealing with men, through the main character Nora. In the play â€Å"A Doll House†, the reader can have an idea on how some men in the late 1870s in Norway act towards women. After the people of Norway read and viewed the play, there was a lot of controversy over â€Å"A Doll House†, because of the main character Nora decisions. Ibsen himself stated that â€Å"for him the issue wasRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen932 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, a drama play, which takes place in Elmer’s house. It takes place during winter which begins when Nora enters through the door. In A Doll House, I believe the inciting incident is Torvalds promotion at the bank. They never have to worry about money again. Nora’s old friend, Mrs. Christine Linde, who is in need of help comes to visit Nora and ask for help. Torvald gives her a job. You also have Dr.Rank , who is a family friend who is slowly dying of tuberculosis. ThingsRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen564 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Forgery. Do you have any idea what that means† (1745), Torvald questions his wife Nora in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House (1879). In this play, Henrik Ibsen features individuals struggling for an authentic identity. The story focuses on an unspoken matter. Nora Helmer secretly borrowed a large sum of money for the sake of her husband’s, Torvald Helmer’s, life. Nora has never revealed the loan to Torvald and has been privately paying it off with her household allowance. When Torvald is appointed as bankRead MoreThe Doll House by Henrik Ibsen1215 Words   |  5 PagesTHE DOLL HOUSE The Society above Individual Freedom or The Suppression of the Woman The author Henrik Ibsen used the play to elaborate on the irony of the 19th century culture of restriction of individual freedom and excessive adherence to ‘societal norm’ at all cost without paying attention or having recourse to the core values and norms that brings about individual happiness and freedom. Torvald Helmer tried to elucidate the abnormality of seeking individual freedom instead of societal norm whenRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll House† In the play â€Å"A Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen the story focuses on the gender differences between a man and woman. One way Ibsen display feminism in A Doll House is through the relationship of the two main characters Torvald and his wife Nora. Nora and Torvald to have the perfect life, however behind closed doors it isn’t as it seems. The play begins with a happily married couple and ends with a woman wanting to be her own human being. Nora has been treated like child throughout the

The Evolution of Leadership Theory Free Essays

Introduction In order to describe the evolution of leadership theory we must first define what we understand leadership to mean. An early or traditional definition of leadership may be, an interpersonal influence directed towards the achievement of a set goal or series of goals (Northhouse, 2004, p 2). In accordance with the evolution of leadership theory the definition of leadership by a modern frame of reference may be, a relationship dynamic in nature based on mutual influence between leaders and collaborators in which both reach higher levels of motivation and moral development as they strive to affect change (Freiberg and Freiberg, 1996, p 298). We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Leadership Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will describe the evolution of leadership theory as it developed from being based on individual personal traits and behaviors to the modern theories that are based on dynamic models of situation and on transformation. Early Leadership theories: traits and behaviors Ohio State University developed a theory of leadership from a series of studies that obtained data from questionnaires filled in by subordinates and another questionnaire filled in by managers that described the leadership traits and behaviors of their leaders (Fleishman, 1953, p 2). Two leadership styles were identified and hypothesized to be able to describe all leaders (Fleishman, 1953, p 2). The first leadership style was termed â€Å"initiating structure† (Fleishman, 1953, p 3. This leadership style described the leader who directs with transactional and task oriented style. This style of leadership has been described as great for routine and repetitive task, however on the negative side it has also been used to describe the micro-manager (Fleishman, 1953, p 4). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace include the leader who lets work-unit members know what is expected of them; who schedules the work to be done; encourages the use of uniform work procedures; assigns work-unit members to particular tasks; plans tasks for work-unit members; makes his or her attitudes clear to the work unit; clarifies work roles and asks for results (Fleishman, 1953, p 4). The second leadership style identified by the Ohio State theory of leadership was termed â€Å"consideration† (Fleishman, 1953, p 5).   This leadership style described the leader who is people-oriented and participative, and transformational (Fleishman, 1953, p 5). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace includes, the leader who treats all work-unit members as his or her equal; is friendly and approachable; does little things to make work pleasant; puts suggestions made by the work unit into operation; looks out for personal welfare of work unit members; encourages a supportive socio-emotional work atmosphere; maintains high morale in the work-unit and promotes a collaborative work atmosphere (Fleishman, 1953, p 5). Around the same time period The University of Michigan conducted similar studies to the Ohio State work (Katz, et al, 1950, p 23) based on questionnaire responses by leader’s subordinates and also developed a two-leadership style theory (Katz, et al, 1950, p 43). The first leadership style was termed â€Å"production centered† (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). Examples of how this leadership style may present in the workplace includes, the leader who places an emphasis on the technical or task aspects of the job; is concerned mainly with accomplishing group’s goal and who regards group members as means to an end (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). The second leadership style offered by the Michigan State University theory was termed â€Å"employee centered† (Katz, et al, 1950, p 46). Examples of how this leadership style may present itself in the workplace includes, the leader who places an emphasize interpersonal relations; who takes a personal interest in the needs of employees and who accepts individual differences among members of his / her team (Katz, et al, 1950, p 44). These earlier studies of leadership theories drew conclusions from research data that only looked at the single dimension of leadership being the observation of the leader’s traits and behaviors. Although these studies provided valuable insight into which leadership traits and behaviors may have been associated with higher levels of productivity, the theories lack the depth of understanding that a dynamic model would bring which accounts for the interaction of the leader’s subordinates and the workplace situation. Modern Leadership Theories: dynamic models of situational and transformational leadership The leadership theory termed situational theory is based on the amount of direction and socio-emotional support a leader should provide to a specific situation (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 59).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This theory developed by Hersey and Blanchard, recognizes four different leadership styles that are telling, selling, participating and delegating (Blanchard et al, 1999 p 60). The leader determines which style to use depending upon the specific task that is to be accomplished and the maturity level of the followers. The maturity of the followers was a termed coined to explain the willingness of the followers to take responsibility for directing their own behavior (Blanchard et al, 1999, 60). A combination of a demanding task with a low maturity level would require the leadership style of telling (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 60). The leadership style of selling would also suit a situation with a demanding task and low level of follower maturity while the leader is still responsible for the goal being achieved the followers are encouraged to participate (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). The leadership style of participating suits situations of a less demanding task and low-level maturity of the followers (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). Finally the leadership style of delegating is matched to a high level of follower maturity and therefore is suited to all levels of demand in terms of task (Blanchard et al, 1999, p 61). The transformational leadership theory recognizes the changing demands that an organization may face, like the situational leadership theory however it places its greatest emphasis on leadership behavior and traits (Northhouse, 2004, p 173). While this may seem like a return to the earlier more limited theories of leadership as developed in the mid 1900s via Ohio State and Michigan State Universities it is in fact seen as a very creative and flexible leadership theory (Northhouse, 2004, p 173). The transformational leader instills feelings of confidence, admiration and commitment in the followers. Such a leader inspires the followers to forgo their own interests for the good of the organization (Northhouse, 2004, p 178). Transformational leaders appeal to the moral and ideals of followers and inspire them to look at problems in new and creative ways (Northhouse, 2004, p 183). Studies have correlated the transformational leadership theory in the workplace leads to lower staff turnover rates, higher productivity and higher employee satisfaction. In summary, the evolution of leadership theories has developed from the relatively static and one-dimensional views of the personality traits and behavior theories studied in the 1900s to the dynamic and flexible theories of situational and transformational leadership theories developed in the late 1900s. References Blanchard, K. H, Zigarmi, P. and Zigarmi, D. (1999), Leadership and the One Minute   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Manager, New York, Harper Collins. Fleishman, E.A. (1953). The description of supervisory behavior. Personnel Psychology,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37, 1-6 Katz, D., Maccoby, N. and Morse, N.C. (1950). Productivity, Supervision and Morale in   Ã‚  Ã‚   an Office Situation. Ann Arbor, Survey Research Center. Northhouse, P.G. (2004). Leadership: Theory and Practice. New York, Sage Publications. How to cite The Evolution of Leadership Theory, Essay examples

Money as relates to Fences Essay Example For Students

Money as relates to Fences Essay Imagine for a moment it is your big sisters 17th birthday. She is out with her friends celebrating, and your parents are at the mall with your little brother doing some last minute birthday shopping, leaving you home alone. You then hear a knock on the front door. When you get there, nobody is there, just an anonymous note taped to the door that says Happy Birthday, along with a hundred dollar bill. Youve been dying to get that new video game, and your sister will never know. You are faced with a tough decision, but not a very uncommon one. In both Fences, by August Wilson, and A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansbury, tough decisions have to be made about getting money from someone elses misfortune. But moneys that important right? The role of money in peoples day-to-day lives is quite amazing when its put into perspective. The primary reason most Americans get up in the morning is so they can go out and make money. Money buys things; money influences people; money keeps us alive; money makes us happy. Or does it? In Fences, by August Wilson, the Maxtons get their money when Gabes head is shot in the war. In A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansbury, the Younger family gets their money when Walters father dies. But do these things make them happy? Of course not. They are coming upon money from someone elses misfortune, someone they love. The money may have made life easier for a brief moment in time, but the novelty soon wears off and reality soon returns. The interesting thing about these two novels is that the money received by both the Maxtons and the Youngers did exactly the opposite of what everyone expected it to do. It eventually made problems for both of the families. In Fences, the Maxtons used Gabes money to buy a house and even though it seemed like a good idea, when Gabe moved out, it caused a great deal of guilt in the family, but especially in Troy. He just couldnt get over how he used someone he loved so much, and they didnt even know it. In A Raisin in the Sun, the Youngers also buy a house with the money the life insurance gave them. But their problem are caused not by guilt, but by two entirely different emotions. One is the feeling of being the object of racism in their new community when the Welcoming Committee tries to get them not to move in. The other one is the combination of defeat, loss, anger, and self-pity felt by the whole family when Walter loses the rest of the money and the Younger family is left with nothing but a house in a neighborhood where they arent wanted. And money is a good thing? Answering that question is a simple one. Yes, money is a good thing when it is dealt with in the right way. Both the Maxtons and the Youngers had trouble in how they handled their money and that led to many of the problems they both faced. Money is what makes the world go round in our modern society, but its not a way to measure success, love, or happiness. As Bob Dylan put it, Whats money? A man is a success if he gets up in the morning and goes to bed at night and in-between does what he wants to do. All money really is, is a way to buy material things. Sure, its important, but not close to how important the people we love are. They are where real happiness comes from, not from little green pieces of paper. Happiness is not having what you want, its wanting what you have. .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .postImageUrl , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:hover , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:visited , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:active { border:0!important; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:active , .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716 .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1d598bc9e13ced9a7efdbc9ff79e716:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Financial Instability EssayBibliography: .