Evolution of the World Bank Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development of the World Bank - Case Study Example The World Bank is a gathering of five firmly related global associations liable for giving account and guidance to nations for the reasons for financial turn of events and dispensing with neediness. Its five organizations are: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); International Finance Corporation (IFC); International Development Association (IDA); Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); and International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The World Bank's exercises are especially centered around monetarily in reverse creating nations. These exercises are in fields, for example, farming and provincial turn of events (for example water system, country administrations), human turn of events (for example instruction, wellbeing), foundation (for example streets, urban recovery, power), administration (for example against debasement, legitimate organizations improvement) and ecological insurance (for example contamination decrease, setti ng up and implementing guidelines). Every one of these associations has their own points and goals. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) intends to decrease destitution in center salary and reliable more unfortunate nations by advancing practical improvement through advances, ensures, hazard the executives items, and logical and warning administrations. The IBRD and IDA give credits at particular rates to part nations, just as awards to the least fortunate nations for formative exercises. The greater part of the occasions advances or awards for explicit tasks that may bring about progress of approach changes. For example, advances to improve beach front ecological administration that might be connected to improvement of new natural organizations at national and neighborhood levels and to usage of new guidelines to restrain contamination. The primary exercises of the IFC and MIGA remember venture for the private part and underwriting protection separately (Wikipedia, 2007a). The IBRD was built up in 1944 as the first organization of the World Bank Group. It is organized like an agreeable that is claimed and worked to help its'185 part nations (web.worldbank.org, 2007). IBRD raises the vast majority of its assets on the world's monetary markets. In 1946 the Bank had an approved capital of $10 bi11ion, worth around 20 fold the amount of today. In any case, every single through it advancement it has been uniquely accumulated more discussion and analysis than some other global monetary or improvement establishment. In 1993 the Bank's complete callable capital was nearly $166 billion, however of that just $10.53 was paid in (Rich, 1994). The pay that IBRD has been produced from the hour of its commencement has permitted it to support advancement exercises and to guarantee its money related quality. Because of this it is empowered to get with ease and offer customers great acquiring terms (web.worldbank.org, 2007). From mid 1946 to mid 1986 the World Bank loan ed an aggregate of $160 billion for 4,000 distinct tasks in around 100 nations, and has much increasingly expanded over the most recent couple of decades. By any retribution the Bank's assets are immense (Hardy, N.D.). Till date IBRD has not endured any misfortunes

Use of Delayed Differentiation for Preparing Meals to Customers

Memorandum: Use of Delayed Differentiation for Preparing Meals to Customers The desire to expand product variety to satisfy customers’ demands is a major challenge to many supermarket chains. This has been worsened by the dynamism of the business environment. Today, success in this sector goes beyond the traditional programs such as a lead-time reduction. Our plan to provide our clients with a complete â€Å"package† is a brilliant idea. However, our approach could prove not only costly, but also ineffective. Our best option in this scenario is to redesign both our processes, and products, that is, to adopt delayed differentiation.   How delayed differentiation will work. The approach will adopt process restructuring, where instead of packaging the complete product, basic meals (family products) will be prepared and sent to retail shops where different mix options will be given to customers.   For instance, instead of supplying rosemary potatoes, pan roasted potatoes, and mashed potatoes as whole dishes, the company should supply prepared potatoes to its various branches. Branch managers should intern prepare the various blends depending on local demand.   The concept of standardization should also be applied. Customers always enjoy consistency and we should not deprive them of that pleasure. Branch managers will be allowed to control the quantity, taste, and presentation of their customized blends, provided they comply with the set standards. The concept will be more effective with the use of modular design since it allows flexible restructuring.   The potential benefits of delayed differentiation i. Delayed differentiation enables quick reaction to the demands of customers, thereby increasing efficiency and customer satisfaction. ii. By adopting a modular design, it will be easier to control the operations of retail outlets. iii. Inventory cost will also be low. The disadvantages of delayed differentiation i. Delayed differentiation can hardly stand stiff competition. ii. Market uncertainties can affect business operations adversely. iii. Its success is dependent on hiring highly qualified personnel, which is expensive. Despite the shortfalls of delayed differentiation, it gives the firm a better opportunity to succeed. Its customer-oriented approach will enable the firm to manufacture product blends favored by many customers, hence increased sales. If you need to know more about Memo Writing, read this article ''How to Write a Memo'' Blog tags:memo

Woodrow Wilson s Progressive Era - 1159 Words

After America had finally established itself as an industrialized and urbanized nation to be reckoned with, the country had turned to follow a new set of ideologies described as progressive thinking; hence, the following of the Progressive Era. The Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform that spread across the United States, and was in a response to problems that arose from immigration, industrialization, urbanization, and governmental corruption. Following the Presidential Election in 1912, this set of progressive ideologies was most sought after in a presidential candidate. This is one of the main reasons why Woodrow Wilson had won. Although many other candidates had also followed these progressive†¦show more content†¦Along with this, Wilson had also enacted a second antitrust measure called the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. The act allowed for the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), â€Å"...to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to a number of unfair business practices,† (The Americans 333). This act was also taken well by the public and allowed for the ceasing and desisting of over 400 cases of illegal activity, proving Wilson to be a positive impact in the political aspects of society. Economically, Wilson followed a similar strategy by administering legislative acts and systems, such as working to lower tariff rates as well as to establish a new type of banking system. Following this effort to curb big business, Wilson tried to lower tariff rates by lobbying in 1913 for the Underwood Act, which would substantially reduce the rates. Because of Wilson’s efforts and perseverance in addressing the issue, â€Å"...the new president’s use of the bully pulpit, the Senate voted to cut tariff rates even more deeply than the House had done,† (The Americans 333). Wilson’s persistence in acquiri ng this reduction of tariff and a greater need to find a way to restore the money that will be lost by these cuts (Federal Income Tax) shows especially how Wilson has economically impacted the Progressive Era. Along with reducing tariff rates, Wilson also aided the era by establishing the Federal Reserve System.Show MoreRelatedTheodore Roosevelt s The Progressive Era Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesof a very liberal period in American history. This new ‘Progressive Era’ was mobilized largely by the middle class as an attempt to put an end to the problems created by the period of excess that was the Gilded Age. Believing that big business was ruining democracy, and assuming a moral obligation to shield the poor and downtrodden from corrupt capitalists, the Progressives commenced an era of sweeping reforms. From the outset, the Progressive movement targeted domestic issues such as political machinesRead MoreThe Liberal Era Of The Progressive Era1220 Words   |  5 Pages A great democracy has got to be progressive or it will soon cease to be great or a democracy. ( ). The Progressive Era consisted of reformers demanding the government to clean up society. Entering office in 1904, Theodore Roosevelt was an individual in the republican Party, but as the country began to spin out of control Roosevelt joined the new Progressive Party and saved the country from a disastrous ending (685). Reformers set out to cleanse the country go its wrong doings. The progressivismRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And Woodrow Wilson : The Progressive Era1651 Words   |  7 Pages During the Progressive Era from 1890-1920, America saw three new presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. This period of time is known as the Progressive Era due to the political and social changes made to move away from a laissez-faire government to a more active government by the administrations of these presidents. Prior to this period, Americans had to suffer through poor working conditions, low wages, social and class inequality and become victims to largeRead MoreThe Age Of Uncertainty Between 1890 And 1920 s A New Movement Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesemergence of Populists, Progressives and Radicals came a vast difference between what was thought as American. All groups claimed to be trying to make the US a better place however each differed vastly in their ideas of going about it. During the age of uncertainty between 1890 and the 1920’s a new movement called the Progressives emerged in parts of the Unites States. They emerged as part of a long tradition of reform aimed at correcting the issues of the country. Progressives ranged across the socialRead MoreThe Reform Of A Crusade For Reform2185 Words   |  9 PagesWith the turn of the century came a crusade for reform. This municipal movement shifted from America’s second manifest destiny and came to be known as the progressive era. Decades prior, Americans settled the final part of coastal America and living accommodations finally increased nationwide. Americans turned to the political parties to legitimize every impulse and vision to improve life. However, the developing trusts and corporations purged the parties’ autonomy and hindered domestic trade growthRead MoreEssay on Woodrow Wilson1285 Words   |  6 PagesWoodrow Wilson President Woodrow Wilson’s legacy of being a peace-keeping president has lasting impression on the United States. From his great intellect and progressive reform, to the tragedy of the Great War and his hope for peace, Wilson was a strong leader through it all. Decades after his death, he is still remembered as the man that he was: an ethical and caring person who desperately wanted to better the world. It was in the beginning of the 20th century when this man finally left his markRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 PagesProgressives in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about 1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and self-indulgence. Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to theRead MoreDbq 2003 Form B Apush Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesThe Progressive Era was a thirty year period in which the United States was completely reformed. Actions were taken to improve working conditions for laborers, create a sexually unbiased work system and regulate the economy. President Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both helped create a more direct democracy in which the people would have a voice. During those thirty years, amendments 16 to 19 were ratified to regulate and reform the country. Muckrakers were writers who worked for the printingRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words   |  4 Pages From 1900 to 1920 a political group called the progressives demanded change and more government involvement after the gilded age where there barely was any action taken by the government. While the progressives were becoming more and more popular among politicians and people they brought reform and change to the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. The progressives, (as their name suggests) brought progress to America that forever changedRead MoreRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson: Progressive Presidents1675 Words   |  7 Pagescountry and the Progressive Era, more than a decade. The presidents of this time, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, were like chefs developing a recipe for the betterment of the United States. Every act that was passed, each decision that was made, was a trial or taste-test of the constantly changing recipe for the country. If something angered citizens or drew criticism, the president went back to his office, his kitchen, and was ready to make more changes. Where he left off in the progressive recipe, the

Essay on Effects of Divorce on Children Today - 812 Words

Effects of Divorce on Children Today Divorce and its effects on children are common issues that are on the rise in the world today. Divorce affects more than just the married couple. Children often bear the brunt of divorce, which makes divorce a complicated decision for most parents. Understanding the effects divorce has on a child is important to know exactly why a child acts a certain way. A divorce can affect a child psychologically, intellectually, and even behaviorally. Children can suffer physiologically from things like depression, intellectually by having trouble in school and behaviorally by having trouble in social settings. Legally, a divorce is a single event, but from a psychological standpoint, it is a complicated,†¦show more content†¦actions. Identity confusion regarding guilt in children who have experienced divorce forces them to carry unneeded emotions around with them for what can be the rest of their lives. Depression is another concern for children who have experienced divorce. Children are more likely to suffer from depression if their parents are split than if they are still together (Fox 2001). Depression affects the way a child acts in daily life. Children from divorced houses are more likely to suffer from some form of depression or another than those from married families (Doherty et al. 1989, as cited in Fox 2001). Fox 2001 studies the effect divorce has on children by a survey given to 118 students ranging in ages 18-25. The survey includes True of False questions on their ?attitudes, opinions, interests, and other characteristics regarding the divorce that affected them (Fox 2001).? This study found that 26% of the students surveyed needed some kind of counseling regarding depression post divorce (Fox 2001). Separation of parents can have extremely harmful and lasting affects involving depression. Divorce negatively affects a child?s psyche and makes them more depressed . Another negative personality complex divorce causes is anxiety. Forms of anxiety are more commonly found in children who?s parents are divorced than those who?s parents are still together. Anxiety can be a grim reality and can effect how children live their lives. ?The child may play theShow MoreRelatedHow Divorce Has Changed Changing Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyze correlation, causation, and effect. One topic that has benefited from the use of statistics to measure its effects is divorce. Divorce is defined as the legal process of dissolving a marriage, thus separating two individuals (Merriam). From generation to generation, divorce has been on a steady increase. The annual rate of divorce more than doubled between the mid-1960s and the early 1980s (Croteau). As of recent, statistics show an increase in divorce rates from less than 20% to nearly 50%Read MoreDivorce808 Words   |  4 Pagestheir relationship so they choose to divorce, which is one of the solutions to cope with problems between a husband and wife. Most people claim to think carefully before they get married, but the divorce rates continue to increase. There are three main causes of divorce: the changing of a man and a woman s role, stress in modern living and the l ack of communication between the married couple. The first significant cause of recent rise in the rates of divorce is that women completely change in rolesRead MoreHow Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages In today s society, divorce or remarriage rate has been growing rapidly. Divorces is a legal action between married people that is on longer together. Over the last twenty-five years, several studies has indicated that divorce process may affect family characteristics and most especially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. Divorce may also increase the risk of negative outcomes for younger and older children. Children fromRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children978 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce is a touchy subject for some people to discuss, although it is an issue that is occurring very often in people’s lives today. A divorce can affect everyone involved, including the children, unfortunately. Divorce and its effects set a bad example to children and their future lives as young adults, along with having life-long effects from the divorce because of things that they experienced during it. The different causes of a divorce have multiple effects on the children who are experiencingRead More The Effect of Divorce on Children Essay1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Divorce on Children Divorce, once uncommon in our society, is now becoming more and more frequent, disrupting our childrens state of well-being. Some children of divorced families have long-term behavior problems such as depression, low self-esteem, poor school performance, acting out, and difficulties with intimate relationships. Children with divorced or divorcing parents often have a sense of abandonment, because their parents become too preoccupied with their own psychologicalRead MoreHow Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesIn today s society, divorce or remarriage rate has been growing rapidly. Divorces is a legal action between married people that is on longer together. Over the last twenty-five years, several studies has indicated that divorce process may affect family characteristics and most especially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. Divorce may also increase the risk of negative out comes for younger and older children. Children fromRead MoreEvolution of the Typical American Family Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American family today. It is very tough to raise a family nowadays. However, there are some easier ways to raise a family today as well. Some of the things that I will talk about are divorce and its effects, welfare, abusiveness on children and wives, and a couple of articles in the book, Families in the U.S. One tough thing about todays American family is divorce. In 1816, one marriage out of one hundred ended in divorce. Then between the years 1869-1888, divorce increased up to oneRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children881 Words   |  4 PagesIn society today, divorce is more the custom than it has ever been before. There are countless causes for divorce as there are people who split-up. There are numerous dynamics that subsidize to divorce, such as financial issues, substance abuse by a partner, irresponsibility of one or both parties, sexual carelessness, the effortlessness of receiving a divorce, and several other reasons. Divorce is the result of a marriage that is confronted with complications that appear undefeatable, an incapabilityRead MoreDivorce : The Effect On Children1084 Words   |  5 PagesNicole Halterman Professor Tausch CTI 102 D Written Communication 4 October 2014 Divorce: the Effect on Children In today’s society, divorce has become a normal occurrence. Married couples today are getting divorces due to many different reasons; conflicts in the marriage, a loss of romantic feelings, perhaps a spouse is having an affair, or other types of problems. Most divorces have children that are really young and due to their age, they do not have any idea how to deal with this type of situationRead MoreSpeech1150 Words   |  5 Pagesspeak with you every 13 seconds of those five minutes a divorce will occur. At the end of today there will be a total of 6,646 divorces and in one week there will be a total of 46, 523 divorces (Portnoy, 2008). I am here today to be the voice of the children whose parents are divorced and transform the children’s lives but I cannot do this alone and I will need your help. Today we will be discussing the issues, obstacles, strengths of children whose parents got divorced, challenges, and concerns

Gouty Arthritis free essay sample

Leadership in societal transformation I nterdependence with various stakeholders N urturing desire for harmony of man and nature College of Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences Vision NORSU College of Nursing as a educational institution or preference in the Visayan and Mindanao to become the premier provider of health care and education in the province, region and country. Mission NORSU College of Nursing provides excellent instruction thereby developing competent future health leaders and workers who are intellectually responsive, self-directing and contributing members of the society. Goals Develop innovative approaches to achieving quality teaching, research, service and practice goals. Contribute to the knowledge base of the discipline through an active program of health care and interdisciplinary research that is responsive to the changing health needs of the population. Cultivate the attitudes and skills necessary to the think critically, manage information and assume accountability for independent decision. Maintain awareness of historical trends and legal, social, economic, and political issues related to total health care education To synthesize theoretical and empirical knowledge from the liberal arts and sciences with nursing science to enhance professional practice. To equip would-be health leaders and workers with comprehensive knowledge and skills in administering health services in various health settings. To stimulate the facility and students’ capacity to undertake quality research especially in identified priority areas, for the enhancement of the quality of human life and for local, regional and national development. To establish collaborative and cooperative relationship for the purpose of modelling excellence in Nursing research service and practice. To value every individual as a unique, adaptive person who has worth and dignity and who engages in dynamic, reciprocal interaction with the environment, To collaborate with health consumers and providers in promoting, maintaining, and restoring health and facilitating the provision of accessible cost-effective, quality health care. Acknowledgement We would like to thank to our beloved parents, for the unconditional financial support, understanding, guidance and love as well as the encouragement they have given to us in accomplishing this requirement and of course in pursuing our dreams. To our client and client’s significant others who patiently answer our questions and cooperate with us. To the staff in the Medicine Ward, who allowed and guided us throughout our duty. To the College of Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Allied Health Sciences (CNDPAHS) headed by our motherly Dean Dr. Dalisay M. Dumalag, who molded us into a better and competitive student nurses. To our clinical instructor in the Surgery Ward, Mrs. Girlie M. Odonel, who shares her expertise in the Medicine Ward , invaluable asset to the completion of this case presentation and for always answering our numerous questions and providing us with consistent words of encouragement. We would also like to extend a grateful thank to you, to our friends and colleagues batch 2013 at Negros Oriental State University (NORSU). And most of all, to our beloved God Almighty who gave us knowledge, wisdom, strength and presence of mind in doing this case presentation and for giving us life and another day to live. TOPIC OUTLINE Topic Description: This case presentation deals with discussion about the disease condition of our patient who has Gouty with the emphasis on knowing the history of patient for the purpose of determining the prevalent cause of his disease condition, the different nursing care that are needed to be applied and the different concepts that will contribute to our knowledge about taking care of Patients under the disease condition known as Tophaceous Gouty Arthritis The coverage of the topic includes the Patients Data, the history, the diagnosis, the interpretation of the Laboratory works, the overview of the Disease, the Musculo-skelletal system, the Renal System, the Pharmacologic and Non Pharmacologic interventions, the Growth and Development, the Psychological and Psychosocial data that was collected and gathered accurately for further study and analysis. General Objective: At the end of the Case Presentation, the BSN III students of Negros Oriental State University under Medicine Ward Rotation will be able to gain knowledge, develop beginning Skills, Manifest Positive and Desirable Attitude towards the care of the client having Tophaceous Gouty Arthritis. Specific Objectives: At the end of the discussion, the BSN III student under Medicine Ward Rotation will be able to: 1. Understand thoroughly the disease process 2. Gain knowledge and ideas that is helpful for them if handling the same Disease condition of the patient 3. Acquire informative behavior about the cause of the disease 4. Implement safe, effective and efficient Nursing Care Plan 5. Have an educative behavior, health promotive skills and efficient understanding about the presentation presented. Introduction Eating the right food, having an exercise and doing the right thing are the components of a good and healthy life. Disorders, as they say, are the ones that results from our carelessness and irresponsibility. Good Moring Everyone, we would like to discuss to you the disease condition of our Client who has Tophaceous Gouty Arthritis. He is 54 years of age, and lives at Sta. Catalina Negros Oriental. He has one son and separated from his wife 10 years ago. He is a retired security guard of a government agency. Currently, he is the one who takes care of their small fishpond. According to him, they have heredo familial disease of having Gouty arthritis. His father suffered from this disease also. He is a heavy alcohol drinker, he is obese, he eats too much foods such as organ meats ( paklay ), more of beans and salty foods. As a result, last 10 years ago, he developed signs and symptoms to quantify and quality Gouty Arthritis. He had his medical intervention and symptoms were relieved. But, he still continues his unhealthy diet, his alcoholism so that after 10 years, he developed Tophaceous Gouty Arthritis which is a terminal stage of gouty arthritis. He is experiencing severe pain and body malaise which urges him to seek medical intervention again. He is currently bed ridden, he has difficulty in flexing, and extending his joint and muscles, his body is so weak that he doesn’t want to move his self. There are deposition of urate crystals on his skin and those were termed as tophus, plural is tophi. It is distributed to both upper and lower extremities. For more information of the disease process of our patient which includes the prognosis, please sit back and relax as we discuss to you those things that you need to know. Demographic Profile Name:Echavez, RosalitoDate of Admission:January 24, 2012 Age:54 years oldCivil Status: Separated Sex:MaleReligion:Roman Catholic Address:Sta. Catalina, Negros OrientalAttending Physician:Dr. Paraiso Admitting Diagnosis:Tophaceous Gouty ArthritisWard:Extension Chief Complaint:Severe pain on the joints associated with body malaise and Hypertension General Appearance: * Received Client lying in bed, weak, body malaise, responsive to verbal and non verbal stimuli, irritable behavior noted and pain sensation felt on his joints especially on his big toe joint and his knee joint. Presence of bed wound laceration on his plantar area. With D5 IMB 1 L inserted at let metacarpal vein, running at 10 gtts/min; infusing well. Vital signs taken: 8:00am T= 38. 4? C, P= 110 bpm, R= 36 cpm, BP= 150/90mmHg. 12:00 nn T= 38. 0? C, P= 115 bpm, R= 34 cpm, BP= 150/90mmHg. Present History of illness: * Patient was diagnosed of having Gouty arthritis 10 years ago, patient was advised to have a diet that will not increase uric acid level but patient failed to do so. Patient developed the signs and symptoms of gouty arthritis but this time it is in severe stage which is having tophi. Past History of Illness: * Has hospitalized 10 years ago, has completed childhood immunization, no allergies to food or drugs. Has experienced common colds and taken OTC drugs to alleviate symptoms. Familial History of Illness: * Heredo familial disease of Hypertension and gouty arthritis Spiritual History: * Our patient is Roman Catholic in religion. He believed that God will provide answers for his prayers and provide solutions in all problems he have. His religion is very important for him, because God is the source of his strength and provide all needs in life. He considered that all things happen with a purpose and whatever it is he only trust God and offer all his suffering, sickness, and hurts.

Overpopulation in India Essay Example

Overpopulation in India Paper Overpopulation in India: Advantages and Disadvantages We are all aware about the various environmental problems that our country faces-Global Warming is one Of them that results from heavy pollution from the industries. Iii)Problem of unemployment There will be a huge problem of unemployment and underemployment with the increase in the population as additional jobs created could not keep pace with the growth rate. Iv)Poverty and Low Standard of Living Low level of per capita income reduces the purchasing power of the people making them poor. They cannot arrange for the proper education of the children resulting in the lower standard of living. V)lunation It has been seen that prices of basic food items rises due to the increase in the population. Advantages of Underproduction I)Greater Availability of Resources In an underdeveloped country, per head availability of natural resources will be higher. Hence farmers will have a greater share in the land or the average holdings will be more. Ii)Low rate of Pollution Arbitration and industrialization will be minimum if the population of the country is small-Hence there will be lower levels of pollution and ecological balance along with biodiversity will be maintained. Iii)Availability of Government funds Government expenditure will reduce considerably and the government will be able to concentrate more on economic development. ISO poor people will have a greater share in the funds and civic amenities. Iv)Higher standard of living An underdeveloped country will be able to utilize its resources effectively with the labor saving technology-Hence per capita income shall be higher which will raise the standard of living. Disadvantages of underproduction I)illuminated Labor Force Insufficient labor forces will utilize the resources in a poor way. Country will also face shortage of labor for its developmental projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Mass Media Essay Essays

Mass Media Essay Essays Mass Media Essay Essay Mass Media Essay Essay Mass Media’s Influence on Americas’ Youth Does mass media influence children and teenagers more than their friends and family? That’s the question mainstream America is asking. America’s youth today is faced with an issue that adolescents in past decades never experienced. Young people today are flooded with media such as television, music, movies, magazines, newspapers, internet, and more. Media is overly accessible and virtually impossible to hide from in a world now dependent on it. The main concern that always comes up in the discussion of mass media is its many negative impacts on children and teens in American society. Mass media is a dominant force in the United States and across the world that shapes and molds young people in a variety of ways, creating ideas and theories that hold huge influence in the perceptions and actions of these adolescents. Many times these perceptions and ideals shown through mass media are very harmful to the development of children and teenagers in the United States. Mass media in the United States lacks government intervention and regulation. One of the reasons that there may not be strict enough rules for mass media could be that most broadcast companies in the United States are privately owned. These private companies receive no government funding. For example, public radio and public television are funded and controlled by government. Therefore, the government holds little leverage in telling these corporations what to do. Mass media’s effect in regards to violent behavior shows why the government regulation of mass media needs to be stricter than they currently are. The watching of violence is a very popular form of entertainment in mainstream America. A crowd of pedestrians enjoy a street fight just as the Greek enjoyed watching Spartans battle in the arena. Boxing and Wrestling are one of the most popular spectator sports on television in the United States and around the world. Violence is the most frequently depicted genre in television and movies. News programs provide extensive coverage of violent crimes just to bump up their ratings. Another way these kids are viewing this violence is through their videogames. Videogames such as Grand Theft Auto and Call of Duty are among the most popular videogame titles on the market. According to CNN Grand Theft Auto sold 3. million copies and generated $310 million dollars in sales in its first day. The more violent the videogames are, the more copies they sell. Just imagine how different things might be in a world without children playing violent videogames or watching gory movies nearly every day. In a research study reported in the Journal of Adolescent Health the results reported were that on 23 channels recorded more than half of the material was filled with violence (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Many of these television shows that contain violent material depict unrealistic effects. For example, there could be an extremely horrific gun shooting or stabbing in a movie and the character lives. However, the reality is that a gun shooting or a stabbing will most likely result in death. One common example of violent behavior being glorified through television and movies is bank robberies. These movies make robbing banks seem appealing because of the ease in which they take the money while underplaying the consequences that go along with a serious crime such as this. Many parents observe their children and teenagers copying behaviors that they have picked up in films and TV shows. It is quite apparent that this process leads to a greater frequency of violence. Mass media’s influence on sexuality is another controversial topic. Media is one way America’s youth learn and see sexual behavior. â€Å"Adolescence is the stage when individuals develop independent identities by disengaging from their parents and interacting more extensively with their peers† (Paek et al. 2011). Considering that at this stage adolescents are not guided by their parents as much as in prior stages of their life it becomes increasingly important that the mass media influences adolescent sexuality. The mass media are an increasingly accessible way for people to learn about and view sexual behavior. The media is especially important and influential for teenagers as they begin developing their own sexual beliefs and patterns of behavior. Media is often the only influence in these young people’s life as parents and schools remain reluctant to discuss sexual topics. In the United States, young people spend 6 to 7 hours each day on average with some form of media (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Brown and Witherspoon report, â€Å"almost all teens have their own source of music †¦ and more than wo-thirds have their own television †¦ in their bedroom† (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Many of those televisions also are hooked up to cable. These numbers will have surely increased over the past decade if history repeats itself. A report published in the Journal of Sex Research concluded that mass media has a profound influence on adolescent sexual attitudes and sexual practices (Brown 2002). The availability of sexual content continues to increase. According to Forbes Magazine internet pornography is now a billion dollar per year industry. Sexual content is flooding through mainstream media. It is clear in regards to sexuality in media that it influences the way adolescents think and behave sexually. Media also effects how early young people begin to start having sexual activities. Young people interpret sexual media content differently than adults; they also evaluate and incorporate what they are seeing into their own lives. â€Å"Both children and adults have been reported to believe the media is a central source of information on sex and sexuality for young people† (Werner-Wilson, Fitzharris, Morrisey 2004). Considering that adults are reportedly looking to the internet as a resource for sexual questions or curiosity it’s easy to understand why children are also looking to the internet as a sexual resource. Young teens in America are having sex earlier, and with more partners because of what they see in the media. It’s simply natural to behave the way you see others behaving. Another disturbing effect caused by mass media is in regards to health. Mass media continues to put out content that does nothing to promote good health and a lot to cause unhealthy behavior among young people. A study on media and American teenagers showed that 8 to 18 year-olds spend 6 to 7 hours a day with some type of media and over 20 hours a week just with music (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). The most dangerous health effects caused by media are on young women. Young women all over the United States and the world are starving themselves in an effort to become skinnier. The reason these women are striving to become skinnier is because of the perception that mass media has created on what beauty is. In a study shown by the Society for Adolescent Medicine, nearly one quarter of college girls are engaging in some form of anorexic behavior (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Not only has this standard of what a woman should look like affected these women physically but it has also completely diminished many of these women’s self-esteem. According to the National Institute of Mental Health anorexia often develops during teen years or young adulthood. Since it is already known that the teen years are when adolescents are most impressionable, it makes perfect sense that anorexia often develops during this period. The full name for this disorder is anorexia nervosa. The characteristics of anorexia include emaciation, starvation, self-esteem issues, and fear of weight gain. The effects of this eating disorder can be deadly. Some of the most serious problems include brain damage and organ failure. Tobacco is largely depicted in the media. According to the National Institute of Health, people who start smoking before the age of 21 have the hardest time quitting. About 30% of youth smokers will continue smoking and die early from a smoking-related disease. Teen smokers are more likely to use alcohol and illegal drugs they are more likely to have panic attacks, anxiety disorders and depression. A research study conducted by Hye-Jin Peak, Albert Gunther, Douglas McLeod, and Thomas Hove explored the degree that peer perceptions effect adolescents’ truthfully reporting whether or not they have been exposed to anti-smoking efforts thru mass media (Peak, Gunther, McLeod, and Hove 2011). This study also evaluated how peer perceptions affect adolescents’ effect whether or not the teens smoke or how they feel about smoking (Peak et al. 011). The research study results explained that media influence on adolescents showed a strong correlation between increased media and increased smoking in adolescents (Peak et al. 2011). Considering the research results leads one to believe that if stricter laws were made on commercials for tobacco then maybe fewer kids would be smoking. If the United States Government examined how other nations re gulate mass media they may be enlightened. â€Å"Recognition of the harmful effects of smoking has led many countries to restrict tobacco advertising. In some, such as New Zealand and Norway, cigarette consumption decreased significantly after the bans† (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Media Portrayal of cigarette popularity contributes to the likelihood of adolescents beginning to smoke. As of today there are some restrictions on tobacco marketing, but these restrictions are very weak and hardly effective. As for image advertising, the agreement does not ban actual photos of people trying to entice adolescents to start smoking, only the cartoon images for cigarette advertising (Petty 1999). All advertisements are still allowed to picture people (Petty 1999). â€Å"Beer and wine are also among the most heavily advertised products on television and radio† (Brown and Witherspoon 2002). Considering that beer and wine are so heavily advertised in the mass media main stream America should really be considering the impact of alcohol use on United States’ adolescent population. According to the National Institute of Health there were 2. 8 million alcohol related injury deaths among 18 to 24 year-old college students from 1998 to 2001. If the Mass Media didn’t idealize alcohol as glamorous then certainly there would not have been as many tragic unnecessary deaths of young people during this 3 year period. The number of negative effects caused by mass media is extraordinary. Media negatively affects individual’s self-concept, attitudes, and behavior. It is impossible not to see how much the negative effects on youth out-weigh the positives. What can be done to change the status quo media has set in the U. S.? Focusing on a variety of categories; not just violence, sexuality, and self-esteem may be helpful. Perhaps if from the time children became toddlers they are not able to see Hustler and Penthouse magazines that contain explicit nudity at a party store or gas station counter that would be step one in gaining some kind of protection or censorship for our children. The world is constantly evolving. â€Å"Young people today are growing up in a world unlike anything previous generations have experienced. Today’s youth have greater access to forms of communication than ever before† (Brown and Cantor 2000). Surely the future of America’s adolescents is extremely important to most all Americans. Therefore, it only makes sense that since mass media is changing drastically then the rules regulating mass media must change drastically too. Brown, Jane. â€Å"Mass Media Influences on Sexuality. † The Journal of Sex Research 39. 1, Promoting Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual Behavior (Feb. , 2002), pp. 42-45. Jstor. Oakland Community University. 28 Jul. 2011 Brown, Jane, and Elizabeth M. Witherspoon. â€Å"The Mass Media and American Adolescents’ Health. † The Journal of Adolescent Health 31. 6s, (2002) pp. 154-167. Oakland Community University. 8 Jul. 2011 Brown, Jane, and Joanne Cantor. â€Å"An Agenda for Research on Youth and the Media†. The Journal of Adolescent Health 27. 2s, (2000) pp. 1-7. Oakland Community University. 28 Jul. 2011 Paek, Hye-Jin, Albert C. Gunther, Douglas M. McCleod, and Thomas Hove. â€Å"How Adolescents Perceived Media Influence on Peers Affects Smoking Decisions. † The Journal of Consumer Affairs pp. 123-146. (201 1). Wayne State University. 12 Aug. 2011 Petty, Ross. â€Å"Tobacco Marketing Restrictions in the Multistate Attorneys General Settlement: Is This Good Public Policy. Journal of Public Policy Marketing 18. 2, (1999), pp. 249-257. Jstor. Oakland Community University. 6 Aug. 2011 Thompson, Kenneth, and Anita Sharma. â€Å"Secularization, Moral Regulation and the Mass Media. † The British Journal of Sociology 49. 3, (1998), pp. 434-455. Jstor. Oakland Community University. 6 Aug. 2011 Werner-Wilson, Ronald Jay, Jennifer Lynn Fitzharris, and Kathleen M. Morrissey. â€Å"Adolescent and Parent Perceptions of Media Influence on Adolescent Sexuality. † Adolescence 39. 154 (2004). Wayne State University. 12 Aug. 011 CNN on the Web. 14 August 2011. http://articles. cnn. com/2008-05-08/tech/gta. sales_1_ea-sales-grand-theft-auto-iv? _s=PM:TECH. NIH on the Web. 14 August 2011 nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/smokingandyouth. html. NIMH on the Web. 14 August 2011 nimh. nih. gov/healt h/publications/eating-disorders/complete-index. shtml. FORBES on the Web. 14 August 2011 forbes. com/2001/05/25/0524porn. html. Web. August 14 collegedrinkingprevention. gov/media/Mag_and_Prev_ARPH_April_2005. pdf.